Work permit / Employment visa
Key requirements
Here are the main conditions you’ll need to satisfy:
You must already have a job offer from a company in Spain (employer-employee relationship) before the process starts.
The employer must apply for a work authorisation / permit (“autorización de trabajo”) on your behalf.
Once the work permit is approved, you apply for a work & residence visa (and later a residence card) so you can enter Spain and legally work.
The job may need to pass a labour market test (i.e., show that no suitable Spanish/EU candidate was available) unless the job is on a “shortage occupations list”.
After arrival in Spain you must register with the Social Security system and often obtain the Foreign-Resident Identity Card (“TIE” – Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) if staying over 6 months.
Step-by-Step Process
1. Employer initiates authorisation
The Spanish employer submits an application to the competent immigration or labour authority for your work authorisation.
They attach your job contract, your professional qualifications, copy of your passport, and evidence of labour market conditions (e.g., negative certificate from Spanish employment service if required).
Waiting time: typically ~20 working days (could vary) for the labour permit decision.
2. Application for visa & residence
After the work permit is granted, you apply for a national visa (type D) for work & residence at the Spanish consulate/embassy in your country.
Upon arrival in Spain, you register your residence and apply for the TIE if staying long-term.
3. Employment in Spain
Once you have the permit and visa, you can legally start work on the contract with the Spanish employer.
The permit may specify the sector, geographic area, or even the specific post—changes may require a new application.
The employer must register you with Social Security
Special categories & points to note
For highly-qualified professionals (HQP) there are somewhat different/accelerated rules: e.g., university degree or 3 yrs experience, higher salary thresholds.
Citizens of EU/EEA/Switzerland generally do not need a work permit/visa to work in Spain, due to free movement.
The permit is initially valid for one year (in many cases) and can be renewed.
The job must typically not be easily fillable by local workers (unless it’s on a shortage list).
Practical checklist for you or employer
Here’s a simplified checklist:
Secure job offer from a Spanish-based employer, with contract specifying salary, role, duration.
Employer applies for work authorisation in Spain (labour permit) – gathers your passport copy, qualifications, labour market certificate if needed.
Once authorisation granted, you apply at the Spanish consulate for a work & residence visa.
Upon arrival in Spain: register address, apply for TIE if required, employer registers you for Social Security.
Ensure you comply with permit’s conditions (sector, region, job role) and renew in time if needed.
Important Documents Usually Required
Some of the standard documents include:
Valid passport.
Recent photo.
Employment contract signed.
Proof of professional qualifications or work experience
Criminal record certificate (from country of residence) and medical certificate (health status).
Fee for visa/permit.
Things to watch / common pitfalls
If your job changes (role, employer, region) this may invalidate the original authorisation and require a new permit.
The process can take a few weeks (or months) so it’s advisable to apply well ahead.
The employer must be duly registered and comply with Spanish labour and immigration statutes; failure can lead to penalties.
For non-EU nationals, you must handle both authorisation + visa + residence steps; skipping one may create problems.
Make sure you maintain legal stay status .
