Work permit / Employment visa

Key requirements

Here are the main conditions you’ll need to satisfy:

  • You must already have a job offer from a company in Spain (employer-employee relationship) before the process starts.

  • The employer must apply for a work authorisation / permit (“autorización de trabajo”) on your behalf.

  • Once the work permit is approved, you apply for a work & residence visa (and later a residence card) so you can enter Spain and legally work.

  • The job may need to pass a labour market test (i.e., show that no suitable Spanish/EU candidate was available) unless the job is on a “shortage occupations list”.

  • After arrival in Spain you must register with the Social Security system and often obtain the Foreign-Resident Identity Card (“TIE” – Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) if staying over 6 months.

Step-by-Step Process

1. Employer initiates authorisation

  • The Spanish employer submits an application to the competent immigration or labour authority for your work authorisation.

  • They attach your job contract, your professional qualifications, copy of your passport, and evidence of labour market conditions (e.g., negative certificate from Spanish employment service if required).

  • Waiting time: typically ~20 working days (could vary) for the labour permit decision.

2. Application for visa & residence

  • After the work permit is granted, you apply for a national visa (type D) for work & residence at the Spanish consulate/embassy in your country.

  • Upon arrival in Spain, you register your residence and apply for the TIE if staying long-term.

3. Employment in Spain

  • Once you have the permit and visa, you can legally start work on the contract with the Spanish employer.

  • The permit may specify the sector, geographic area, or even the specific post—changes may require a new application.

  • The employer must register you with Social Security

    Special categories & points to note

  • For highly-qualified professionals (HQP) there are somewhat different/accelerated rules: e.g., university degree or 3 yrs experience, higher salary thresholds.

  • Citizens of EU/EEA/Switzerland generally do not need a work permit/visa to work in Spain, due to free movement.

  • The permit is initially valid for one year (in many cases) and can be renewed.

  • The job must typically not be easily fillable by local workers (unless it’s on a shortage list).

Practical checklist for you or employer

Here’s a simplified checklist:

  • Secure job offer from a Spanish-based employer, with contract specifying salary, role, duration.

  • Employer applies for work authorisation in Spain (labour permit) – gathers your passport copy, qualifications, labour market certificate if needed.

  • Once authorisation granted, you apply at the Spanish consulate for a work & residence visa.

  • Upon arrival in Spain: register address, apply for TIE if required, employer registers you for Social Security.

  • Ensure you comply with permit’s conditions (sector, region, job role) and renew in time if needed.

Important Documents Usually Required

Some of the standard documents include:

  • Valid passport.

  • Recent photo.

  • Employment contract signed.

  • Proof of professional qualifications or work experience

  • Criminal record certificate (from country of residence) and medical certificate (health status).

  • Fee for visa/permit.

Things to watch / common pitfalls

  • If your job changes (role, employer, region) this may invalidate the original authorisation and require a new permit.

  • The process can take a few weeks (or months) so it’s advisable to apply well ahead.

  • The employer must be duly registered and comply with Spanish labour and immigration statutes; failure can lead to penalties.

  • For non-EU nationals, you must handle both authorisation + visa + residence steps; skipping one may create problems.

  • Make sure you maintain legal stay status .